Guest Blog - Has Ireland become the new Transylvania? - TMtV 20th anniversary

It’s with great pleasure that I welcome Dan Klefstad and Eva Vertrice to the blog. I met them individually through reviewing their books, A Fury by Eva and Fiona’s Guardians by Dan. But as well as authors, Dan and Eva are co-hosts of Vamp Chat with Dan & Eva and they have been as good as to invite me on the podcast not once but twice. Without further ado, here’s their blog.

When you hear the word “vampire” you might envision centuries-old revenants from Romania or other eastern European countries. They might have a Slavic accent similar to Béla Lugosi or perhaps Count von Count of Sesame Street. They might wear a long black cape and have a gentlemanly air about them. But what if this perception was changing? What if modern vampires had an origin story more Celtic than Slavic?

In recent years pop culture brought us Angel, the title character in the Buffy the Vampire Slayer spinoff which ran from 1999-2004. In 2016, AMC adapted the comic book series Preacher that casted Joseph Gilgun as the vampire Cassidy, best friend of the main character, a pastor with a criminal history. From 2011-2014, the vampire Aidan Waite roomed with a ghost and werewolf in the BBC series Being Human. And then there’s Remmick, the banjo picking, jig dancing vampire from the film Sinners, played brilliantly by Jack O’Connell.

What do these vampires have in common? They all hailed from The Emerald Isle. 

But Ireland is not a new hotspot for vampires. In fact, it has a rich history of undead lore.

The 1870 book, The Origins and History of Irish Names and Places, by Patrick Weston Joyce, introduced 19th Century readers to Abhartach, a chieftain Joyce describes as a “dwarf” who lived in Londonderry:

This dwarf was a magician, and a dreadful tyrant, and after having perpetrated great cruelties on the people he was at last vanquished and slain by a neighbouring chieftain; some say by Fionn Mac Cumhail.

They buried Abhartach in a standing position, but the next day he returned to his haunt. The chieftain who slew him the first time, did so again and buried him as before. Abhartach again rose and terror spread throughout the county. Joyce continues:

The chief then consulted a druid, and according to his directions, he slew the dwarf a third time, and buried him in the same place, with his head downwards; which subdued his magical power, so that he never again appeared on earth. The laght raised over the dwarf is still there, and you may hear the legend with much detail from the natives of the place, one of whom told it to me.

Some modern versions have Abhartach rise from his grave to drink the blood of his subjects {Ed – Abhartach is at the centre of the Irish film the Boys From County Hell}. In Bob Curran’s book, Was Dracula an Irishman?, the chieftain who slays the revenant consults an early Christian saint instead of a druid, and is told that Abhartach is one of the neamh-mairbh, or walking dead, and that he can only be killed with a sword made of yew wood. Then he must be buried upside down with thorns surrounding his grave and a large stone placed on top.

The Dearg Due is another vampiric entity in Irish folklore. Pronounced DAH-ruhg DU-ah, it means “red bloodsucker,” and refers to a female demon that seduces men and drinks their blood.

According to this legend, a beautiful young woman fell in love with a local peasant, which was unacceptable to her father. A greedy man, her father forced her to marry a rich chieftain who imprisoned her and treated her terribly. The only path out of such abuse, she reasoned, was death, so she killed herself and was buried near Strongbow’s Tree in Waterford. On the anniversary of her death, she rose from her grave to seek revenge. She attacked her evil husband first, then her father, sinking her teeth into their necks and draining them dry. Now with an unquenchable thirst for human blood, she continued to prey on young men, enchanting them with her beauty, and luring them to her grave, sparing none.

Dracula author Bram Stoker, an Irishman, would’ve been familiar with these tales. So why did he decide to take his story down a different path instead of relying on this known local lore? Instead, he set much of his story in Transylvania, a place he had never visited. He leaned heavily on Emily Gerard’s 1885 essay, “Transylvanian Superstitions” and its expanded book form, The Land Beyond the Forest to introduce us to Vlad Dracula, aka Vlad III or Vlad Tepes which means “Vlad the Impaler.” Stoker was intrigued with the name “Dracula” which meant “son of Dracul” but also translated to “devil.” Blend these two, “Son of the Devil,” and you have the perfect name for a monster.

Still, there’s no evidence that Stoker based his character on the Wallachian warlord. In her essay, “Filing for Divorce: Count Dracula vs Vlad Tepes,” Professor Elizabeth Miller points out that Stoker’s research notes for Dracula fail to indicate that he had detailed biographical knowledge of Vlad III. Miller adds there’s no current evidence that Stoker had knowledge of Vlad III’s reputation for cruelty, his use of impalement as a punishment, or even his full name. This absence of a direct connection between Count Dracula and Vlad III makes it easier to conclude that the world’s most famous vampire may be more Irish than we thought.

Perhaps Bram Stoker did draw on his Irish roots a bit more than originally believed, and that Count Dracula hailed from a lush, green glade, surrounded by fairies & leprechauns with pots of gold.

Dan Klefstad & Eva Vertrice

Dan & Eva will moderate a panel discussion titled, “Has Ireland become the New Transylvania?” This will take place at The Imaginarium Convention, July 17-19, 2026, at the Holiday Inn Louisville East in Kentucky. They are excited to welcome Dacre Stoker, great grand-nephew of Bram Stoker, to the panel along with several other authors and vampire creatives. For more information visit entertheimaginarium.com or vampchatwithdanandeva.com or reach out to Dan & Eva at vampchatwithdanandeva@gmail.com. It’s going to be an exciting discussion.

Byzantium – review

Director: Neil Jordan

Release date: 2013

Contains spoilers

When I go to the cinema to see a vampire film I am in the habit of recording my first impressions here on the blog – the first impressions for Byzantium are here - but I developed the further habit of not reviewing the DVD, just editing the first impression by adding a score.

As you can see, by dint of the fact that you are reading this, I have decided to look at Byzantium afresh. The First Impression did say much of what I felt about the film but, like all good stories, I enjoyed watching it again even more. That said, this will tread an awful lot of ground that had been covered in the first article.

Saoirse Ronan as Eleanor

Starting with the fact that this is very much a story, Neil Jordan is a storyteller as much as a director and he creates characters within his stories who are storytellers also. In this case our storyteller is Eleanor (Saoirse Ronan) and the film begins with her telling her story, writing it on paper that is not intended to be read. Elsewhere Clara (Gemma Arterton) is in a lap dancing club with a client (David Heap) who is getting rough, she manages to bust his nose – earning herself the sack. Eleanor and Clara are the focus of the film, our two vampires or soucriants.

the Soucriant

The name soucriant is a derivative of Soucayant, a vampire type from the island of Trinidad. The film takes the spelling from a mention in Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea. However the name is about all the lore that the film takes from this vampire type. According to Bane (Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology, 2010) the Soucayant appears as an old woman who sleeps all day, however at night it sheds its skin and ventures forth as a ball of light. Victims will have two small bite marks but the Soucayant is compulsive and if you throw seeds for it, at a crossroads, it will stop and count them and (interestingly) be destroyed by the rising sun. Our Soucriants are not affected by the sun nor do they bite – they grow a long sharp talon-like nail with which to puncture.

the nail

Getting back to Eleanor and Clara, we watch Eleanor connect with an old man who has found pages of her story. He tells her that there comes a time in life when secrets should be told and then explains that the priests used to tell them stories of the neamh-mhairbh – revenants neither alive nor dead. According to Bane, in mythology, these are created by magic. He is tired and it is time; this is how Eleanor feeds, she takes those who are ready, her feeding is an act of mercy (later described as having a certain grace).

Clara kills her captor

Meanwhile a man searching for Clara has found her in the club, she smashes a bottle over his head and runs. He chases her through the night, through stores and over rooftops. Eventually he captures her and makes her take him to the squat where the two women live. Clara manages to trick him and, with cheese wire, takes his head off. When Eleanor gets home Clara makes the girl pack and, burning the flat behind them, they leave.

walking with the past

The town they reach – a dilapidated seaside town is full circle. Clara, who ever faces forward, doesn’t realise it but Eleanor – holder of the story – see the ghosts of her past walking along the beach. This was the beach where Clara (played young by Caroline Johns), as an innocent girl, was approached by two military officers. Darvell (Sam Riley) is kindly, he even gives her a pearl, however she accedes to ride with Ruthven (Jonny Lee Miller, Dracula 2001 and Dark Shadows) who takes her to a brothel and makes her a whore. If you think the names of the officers are familiar then that is because Ruthven (correctly pronounced in film as Riven) is the vampire in Polidori’s The Vampyre and Darvell shares the antagonist’s name from Byron’s Fragment of a Novel, which was the building block for the Vampyre.

Ruthven accompanied Darvell

Now I am missing a lot of the plot out because the joy of the film is that there is so much plot and characterisation. It is also a fault as many aspects could have withstood more scrutiny and the rounded characters and interesting story/lore could have been opened to a wider series of films. What I do need to cover is the turning method. The prospective vampire is given an ornate box that contains a map. The map shows the way to an island (off the coast of Ireland). The passing of the map is almost ritualistic. As such Ruthven has been to the island but is still given the map when he is invited to turn, and perhaps the island is out of reach without the map as having lost the map Ruthven is condemned to a slow agonising death by syphilis.

meeting the nameless saint

The island is almost nothing but a rock jutting out of the sea, the steep climb up the rock leading to a cairn-like structure. The prospective vampire enters the cairn, causing birds to flock out, and meets the thing inside. What is it? We don’t know. It takes the form of the one facing it but perhaps it is an old Celtic God (Darvell suggests that the vampires’ God is older than the Christian God but also calls it the nameless saint). The prospective vampire is attacked and the waterfalls that cascade down the island turn red. The vampire then emerges, dead and then reborn. What is the full meaning of the ritual? What is its source?

Clara steals immortality

Clara steals immortality from Ruthven only to discover that all the soucriants are male and members of an order that call themselves “the pointed nails of justice”. Clara and Eleanor are on the run from the order as Clara took Eleanor (the daughter she gave up when a harlot) to the island after Ruthven raped the girl (revenge against Clara). It is in breach of the misogynistic order’s rules for a woman to create a soucriant. However Eleanor does not know this secret (and is oblivious to the fact that they are hunted) and it is one that must come out for the story to finally be told – something that will allow Eleanor to move forwards rather than look back.

Frank and Eleanor

Impetus for this comes from Frank (Caleb Landry Jones), an awkward young man who is low on social graces as he has spent his life fighting leukaemia and, due to the anti-coagulants he takes, is a haemophiliac. The scenes between Eleanor and Frank are especially touching due to this awkwardness. She is over two hundred but has never grown due to looking back, he has never had opportunity to grow and thus they complement each other, bringing each other forward. As much as I mention them, however, it has to be said that there isn’t a bad performance in the film.

Sam Riley  as Darvell

The film is steeped in the vampire genre, recognising its roots. It connects the modern – vampire strippers/hookers or the awkward vampire teen haunting colleges – with the old – be that 19th century vampire literature or Hammer, with Dracula, Prince of Darkness playing on a TV, the classic vampire imagery of the blood bath (or shower under a bleeding waterfall) is also done in the most stylish of ways. The storytelling is excellent, though there is almost too much story, as would be expected from a Neil Jordan film. When I gave my first impression I said it was not the best film by Jordan – though even lesser Jordan films are very good. Having rewatched it I have grown to like the film even more and would say it starts off as a great film but then grows on you still further. 8 out of 10.

The imdb page is here.